54. What is compartment syndrome?
Compartment syndrome occurs when a muscle swells but is constricted by the connective tissue around it and will cut off blood supply to the muscle.
Acute- Usually caused from a severe injury and can cause permanent damage to muscles.
Chronic- Usually caused from athletic exertion.
Acute- Usually caused from a severe injury and can cause permanent damage to muscles.
Chronic- Usually caused from athletic exertion.
55. What is creatine phosphate? How does it supply energy for muscle contraction?
An enzyme that increases in blood levels when damage to a muscle occurs. Creatine phosphate is stored in cells and donates the phosphate when ATP is used up.
56. What substance in muscle seems able to store oxygen temporarily?
Myoglobin.
57. How is oxygen usually brought to muscle cells?
Hemoglobin carries oxygen to the muscles.
58. Why is oxygen necessary for muscle contraction?
Oxygen is needed because it creates energy.
59. How does muscle continue to contract in the absence of oxygen?
A muscle may continue to contract in the complete absence of oxygen. This is due to the fact that lactic acid is quickly neutralized by certain alkaline bicarbonates, phosphates, and alkaline salts of the muscle proteins.
60. What is meant by oxygen debt? How is it paid off?
Oxygen debt is when the additional oxygen that is needed after exercise restores all systems to their normal state. The debt is paid off by increased metabolism.
61. What is meant by muscle fatigue? What causes it?
Muscle fatigue is triggered by overuse of a muscle. It is caused by improper warm ups, poor diet or infrequent exercise.
62. Define threshold stimulus.
Threshold stimulus is a stimulus that is just strong enough to produce a response.
63. Define all-or-none response.
All-or-none response realates to a nerve cell and if it completely fires or does nothing.
64. What are concentric and eccentric muscle contractions?
Concentric contraction- The muscle generates a force that is always less than its maximum.
Eccentric contraction- The load on the muscle will increase and the force on the muscle is greater than what the muscle can generate.
Eccentric contraction- The load on the muscle will increase and the force on the muscle is greater than what the muscle can generate.
65. What is hypertrophy?
When the size of the muscle cells increase.
66. What is atrophy?
The loss or decrease of muscle mass.